Distress signals are essential tools for asking for help in emergency situations. Know when and how to use them can make the difference between receiving help in time or suffering serious consequences. In this article by Anclademia, we will explain to you when these signals should be used and what are the most effective methods to issue them, both on land and at sea.
When should distress signals be used?
Distress signals should only be used in situations of real and imminent danger, where life or physical integrity is at risk and it is not possible to call for help by conventional means. It is vital to understand that these signs are not a resource for minor emergencies. nor to draw unnecessary attention, since Its incorrect use can divert rescue resources and generate legal sanctions.
Some common circumstances where emergency and distress signals should be used include:
- Mountain accidents, where a person is lost or injured with no ability to communicate.
- Emergencies at sea, such as shipwrecks, serious mechanical failures or sudden illnesses on board.
- Situations in remote areas, where there is no telephone coverage and it is impossible to contact emergency services.
- Any event where survival is compromised and it is necessary to alert rescuers or third parties to receive urgent assistance.
In short, these signals are used when there is no other alternative to requesting help and life is in danger.
Types of distress signals
Rescue or distress signals may be visual, sound or through electronic devices, depending on the environment and available resources.
Visual signals
Visual signals are the oldest and most common. Its function is to capture attention from a distance. Among the most used are:
- Fires and smoke: A fire with abundant dark smoke can be seen from miles away, especially during the day. At night, a bright, flaming fire can alert rescuers.
- Signs with fabric or reflective materials: Placing brightly colored clothing, especially red or orange, in a visible location may indicate human presence.
- Hand signals: Repeated arm movements, such as waving a piece of clothing or making figures with the hands, can be interpreted as signs of help.
- International symbols: On land, forming an equilateral triangle, the letter "SOS," or a cross with stones, branches, or paint can indicate a globally recognized distress signal.
Sound signals
When visibility is limited or a visual signal needs to be supplemented, sounds are used:
- Whistles: Emitting three short whistles, followed by pauses, is a universal emergency signal.
- Repetitive hits: Hitting metal objects or rocks rhythmically (three hits in a row) can attract attention.
- Verbal calls: If you are near potential rescuers, shout “Help!” or “Help!” at regular intervals.
Electronic signs
Currently, Technology has facilitated the emission of rescue signals using specific devices:
- Emergency re-launch beacons (EPIRB): They are electronic devices that transmit signals via satellite to rescue centers, indicating their precise location.
- PLB radio beacons: Personal Locator Beacons, similar to EPIRBs but for personal use, trigger an alert with GPS coordinates.
- Calls and messages by radio or mobile phone: When coverage is available, electronic devices allow you to call for help quickly.
- Strobe lights or flashlights: To alert in the dark, the flashing light is a recognized signal for help
How to use distress signals correctly
It is not enough to know the signs; it is It is essential to use them properly to maximize its effectiveness.
Step 1: Assess the situation
Before activating any signal, make sure the emergency requires it. If the situation is controllable and help can be sought by other means, Avoid using distress signals to avoid generating false alarms.
Step 2: Choose the right signal
Choose the most visible or audible signal for your environment and circumstances. For example, if you're at sea and have an EPIRB, use it immediately. If you're in a mountain, using visual signals with conspicuous clothing or fires can be more effective.
Step 3: Give the signal clearly and repeatedly
Signals must be clear, recognizable, and repeated so that rescuers can identify them. For example, if you use a whistle, use three short blasts with pauses, not one continuous blast. If you're lighting a fire, make sure the smoke is visible and intermittent.
Step 4: Stay calm and wait for help
Once the signal is emitted, it is It is important to stay calm, conserve energy, and remain visible to rescuers. Avoid sudden movements that could obscure the signal or endanger your safety.
Distress signals are a vital tool for signaling help in emergencies, but they must be used with judgment and knowledge. Knowing when and how to use them can save lives by facilitating rapid location and rescue. Being equipped with the right equipment and knowing the right methods ensures that, in an emergency, we'll be ready to respond effectively.
