This part of the RIPA deals with the rules of direction and governance<\/strong>, that is, the guidelines are provided general <\/strong>that should be followed during navigation<\/strong>, and especially if there is risk of collision<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It is divided into three sections<\/strong>, where the Visibility is predominant<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In good weather and visibility, sections i and ii will apply. All ships will maintain at all times <\/strong>effective surveillance visual <\/strong>and auditory, <\/strong>using all appropriate means <\/strong>and are available (radar, GPS, etc.) to fully assess, according to the circumstances and conditions at the time, fully the situation <\/strong>and the risk of collision<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Surveillance must also be visual <\/strong>also auditory<\/strong>, but so much towards the outside <\/strong>as towards the inside <\/strong>(regularly check the status of the compass<\/strong>, the one of the autopilot<\/strong>, etc\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n The abuse of VHF <\/strong>It is not advisable and we cannot forget that, in addition to losing sometimes decisive time, the ships must govern based on the rules and not on the VHF.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The use of this medium VHF<\/strong>, can help prevent conflict situations <\/strong>(for example, to know the traffic status of a traffic separation device, etc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sometimes the problem arises with the misuse of VHF<\/strong>, that two ships They agree to maneuver in a manner contrary to the rules<\/strong>, when the fact of deviating from the regulations It is only justified when there is an immediate danger<\/strong>In this case, in the event of a collision, both ships would be equally responsible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Every ship will sail at all times <\/strong>at a safe speed that allows you execute the appropriate and effective maneuver to avoid collision <\/strong>and stand at a distance <\/strong>that is appropriate to the circumstances of the moment. For determine the safety speed <\/strong>the following factors, among others, will be taken into account:<\/p>\n\n\n\n a) In all ships <\/strong>(with or without RADAR):<\/p>\n\n\n\n b) In addition, on vessels with the radar working properly<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The speed must always be adequate to prevent collision., and this <\/em>It should not be considered EXCLUSIVELY by EXCESS but also by DEFECT<\/em><\/strong>, since ships need a <\/em>minimum speed to govern<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Previously, the Courts considered the criterion that the safety speed should allow stop the vessel at a distance equal to half the visibility<\/strong>Now with new technologies, especially in matters of radar, technicians believe that it is possible to go at a higher speed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What the Regulation does consider is that the machinery must be in perfect condition. a) Each vessel shall make use of all means at their disposal that are appropriate <\/strong>to the circumstances and conditions of the moment, to determine if there is a risk of collision<\/strong>, in case of doubt <\/strong>will be considered that exists<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n b) If available radar <\/strong>(working properly), the scan will be included at a great distance <\/strong>(be aware of the risk early), as well as the radar spotting <\/strong>(systematic observation of the detected objects).<\/p>\n\n\n\n c) The following will be avoided: insufficient assumptions<\/strong>, especially the obtained by RADAR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n d) For determine if there is a risk of collision <\/strong>The following considerations, among others, will be taken into account:<\/p>\n\n\n\n In order to fully evaluate Not only radar or VHF should be used <\/strong>(plotter, binoculars<\/strong>, etc\u2026). We insist again that the use of VHF should not replace any of the rules<\/strong>, for example the sound signals for maneuvers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When the vessel is equipped with radar <\/strong>must be done a correct use of it<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Any type of maneuver It must be carried out as soon as there is the slightest doubt as to whether the risk could occur or not.<\/strong>. One of the most obvious signs is when the delay <\/strong>with respect to the other vessel, remains invariable as the distance decreases<\/strong>, but even more so, since when we approach a ship large size<\/strong>, or to a ship with trailer <\/strong>or even when we have it s short distance<\/strong>, although vary considerably we may have the risk of boarding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Another risk is, although the delay varies, that the other ship is carrying out small changes of direction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n a) Any maneuver carried out to avoid a collision will be carried out in a in accordance with the provisions of the rules of this part <\/strong>and, if the circumstances of the case permit, they will be carried out in clear form<\/strong>, with due advance<\/strong>, and respecting the seafaring practices<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n b) If circumstances permit, changes in course and\/or speed <\/strong>that are carried out to avoid boarding will be wide enough<\/strong>, so that they are easily perceived by the other vessel either visually or by radar<\/strong>. Must avoid a succession of small changes <\/strong>of heading and\/or speed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n c) If there is enough space<\/strong>, the maneuver of just change course<\/strong>, may be more effective in avoiding excessive approximation, provided that it is done with sufficient notice<\/strong>, let it be considerable <\/strong>and that does not produce a new situation of excessive approximation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n d) The maneuver carried out will be such that the vessel pass a safe distance from the other<\/strong>. The effectiveness of the maneuver must be checking until the time when the other vessel is past and free<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n e) Yes if necessary, to avoid boarding<\/strong>, either have more time <\/strong>to study the situation, the ship will slow down <\/strong>or else will suppress starting by stopping or reversing <\/strong>their means of propulsion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n F)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Once it is considered that if there is a risk <\/strong>The maneuver to be performed must be striking<\/strong>, clear, with due notice and respecting good practices seafaring practices <\/strong>(for example, small changes in course that go unnoticed by the other vessel).
In case of reduced visibility, sections I and III will apply, but never section II.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurveillance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Safety speed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>In section b) a series of Guidelines for the use of RADAR<\/strong>, especially to their Limitations<\/strong>, since many approaches occur due to misuse of<\/strong> same<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nRisk of collision<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Maneuvers to avoid boarding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n